Institute for Infection Prevention and Control

• Staphylococcus aureus (PFGE, spa, MLST/SBT),
• Escherichia coli (AFLP),
• Klebsiella spp. (AFLP),
• Enterobacter spp. (AFLP),
• Serratia marcescens (AFLP),
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa (AFLP, MLVA, MLST/STB),
• Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (AFLP, MLST/STB),
• Acinetobacter spp. (AFLP),
• Legionella pneumophila.(AFLP, MLST/SBT)

(spa: Staphylococcal Protein A Typing; AFLP: Amplified fragment length polymorphism, MLST: Multi locus sequence typing; SBT: Sequence based typing)

• Detection of MRSA-DNA (MRSA XT-Test, Becton Dickinson)
• Detection of carbapenemase genes (SuperBug Complete, Amplex; Type KPC, NDM, VIM, OXA-23-, OXA-40-, OXA-48- or OXA-58-like)
• Detection of carbapenemase genes (Checkpoints CPO-Assay, Becton, Dickinson; Type KPC, NDM, VIM and/or IMP oder OXA-48-like)

• Sequence-based identification of ß-lactamase-coded sequences: Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (Groups TEM, SHV, CTX-M, OXA), Metallo-beta-lactamases (Groups IMP, VIM, GIM, SPM, SIM), carbapenemases (groups NMC, IRS, IMI, KPC, GES) and AmpC.
• Gram-positive resistance genes: mecA, SCCmec, vanA, vanB
• Quinolone resistance genes (gyrA, parC, qnr)

• Biochemical (API)
• Molecular biological (16S rRNA, mip for Legionella spp.)
• Virulence factors: S. aureus: Panton-Valentin leucocidin; E. coli: Aerobactin iutA und Yersiniabactin fyuA, capsule synthesis genlocus kpsMT II, invasive factor ibeA, serum resistance factor traT, adhesion factors papA und papG, iron-regulated gene homologue adhesin iha; Determination of phylogenetic groups.

• Micro- and macrodilution-broth methods (EUCAST/CLSI)
• Agar dilution (NCCLS/CLSI), E-Test (on request)
• Bactericidal testing (EUCAST/CLSI)
• Synergism testing (checkerboard method)

Typing methods are available for the following pathogens:
Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Acinetobacter spp., Legionella pneumophila.

Identification of antibiotic resistance genes
Sequence-based identification of beta-Laktamase-coding genes::

• Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (groups TEM, SHV, CTX-M, OXA)
• Metallo-beta-lactamases (groups IMP, VIM, GIM, SPM, SIM)
• Carbapenemases (groups NMC, IRS, IMI, KPC, GES)
• AmpC beta-lactamases (groups MOX, CMY, LAT-4, BIL-1, DHA, ACC, MIR-1T, ACT-1, FOX)
• Quinolone resistence genes (gyrA, parC, qnr)
• Gram-positive resistance genes: mecA, SCCmec, vanA, vanB

(Cluster) analyses of typing data

• BioNumerics
• CLC Genomic Workbench
• Staden package
• Ridom Staphtype